Mechanism of action of sedating antihistamines
receptor sites, responsible for immediate hypersensitivity reactions such as sneezing and itching.
Results of a radiolabeled tissue distribution study in rats and a radioligand H1-receptor binding study in guinea pigs showed that desloratadine did not readily cross the blood brain barrier. Dosing: Oral: Children: 6-11 months: 1 mg once daily 12 months to 5 years: 1.25 mg once daily 6-11 years: 2.5 mg once daily Children /= 12 years and Adults: 5 mg once daily Supplied Syrup (Clarinex®): 0.5 mg/m L (480 m L) [bubble gum flavor] Tablet (Clarinex®): 5 mg Tablet, orally-disintegrating (Clarinex® Redi Tabs®): 5 mg [contains phenylalanine 1.75 mg/tablet] Adult (usual) Chronic idiopathic urticaria: 60 mg orally twice daily.Clinically, it appears that this delivery of high local concentrations allows for other pharmacologic activity to be expressed.These anti-inflammatory actions may be part of the reason why these drugs also are effective in relieving many symptoms of nonallergic rhinitis, where histamine has much less of a role and where oral antihistamines have traditionally been of minimal help.The alkylamines include brompheniramine (Dimetapp) and chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton.) These agents cause relatively little sedation, and are used primarily for treatment of allergic reactions.Promethazine (Phenergan), in contrast, is a phenothiazine, chemically related to the major tranquilizers, and while it is used for treatment of allergies, may also be used as a sedative, the relieve anxiety prior to surgery, as an anti-nauseant, and for control of motion sickness.
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As noted, Section 4(a)(1) provides an exemption for a transaction “by a person other than an issuer, underwriter, or dealer.” It is generally relatively easy to determine if a person is the issuer or a dealer, leaving the question for the use of Section 4(a)(1) revolving around whether the selling security holder is an “underwriter.” As further discussed herein, the same factual analysis bears on the ability to use the Section 4(a)(1½) exemption as well.
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